Black and white birds are some of the most striking and easily recognizable species in the avian world. Their contrasting plumage not only makes them visually appealing but also serves various purposes in the wild, from camouflage to communication. Whether you spot them in your backyard, wetlands, or forests, these birds stand out with their bold patterns and unique markings.
In this article, we’ll explore 35 common black and white birds, showcasing their fascinating characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. From small songbirds like the Black-capped Chickadee to large, majestic species such as the Pied Avocet, these birds can be found across different regions and ecosystems. Some are year-round residents, while others migrate seasonally, offering birdwatchers exciting opportunities to observe them.
If you’ve ever been curious about black and white birds, this guide will help you identify them with ease. We’ve included pictures and key details to assist you in distinguishing between similar-looking species. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced bird enthusiast, this list will deepen your appreciation for these beautiful monochrome-feathered creatures.
Different Types of Black and White Birds
Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
The Black-capped Chickadee is a small, lively songbird recognized for its black cap and bib, contrasting with its white cheeks and soft gray body. This bird is a frequent visitor to backyard feeders, where it enjoys sunflower seeds and suet. It has a distinctive “chick-a-dee-dee-dee” call, which it uses to communicate with its flock members.
This species is well-adapted to cold climates and can be found across Canada and the northern United States. It is known for its remarkable ability to store food, hiding seeds in tree bark and other crevices for later consumption. In winter, it even lowers its body temperature at night to conserve energy.
Black-capped Chickadees are cavity nesters, often using old woodpecker holes or nesting boxes. The female builds a soft nest using moss and animal fur, laying 6-8 eggs. These birds are highly curious and social, often interacting with humans and other birds in mixed flocks.
Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis)
The Carolina Chickadee closely resembles its northern cousin, the Black-capped Chickadee, but is found primarily in the southeastern United States. It has a black cap and bib, white cheeks, and grayish wings, making it almost identical in appearance. However, its song is slightly different, consisting of four clear notes compared to the Black-capped Chickadee’s more complex calls.
This species thrives in deciduous forests, suburban gardens, and parks, where it flits among branches in search of insects, seeds, and berries. Like other chickadees, it is an acrobatic feeder, often hanging upside down while foraging.
Carolina Chickadees are non-migratory and form strong pair bonds. During nesting season, the female lines a tree cavity with soft materials, laying 5-8 eggs. These birds are also known for their intelligence and memory, remembering where they have stored food for months.
Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens)
The Downy Woodpecker is North America’s smallest woodpecker, distinguished by its black-and-white plumage, white belly, and small red patch on the back of the male’s head. It has a short, chisel-like bill, which it uses to tap on trees while searching for insects. Its wings are covered in black and white spots, creating a checkerboard effect.
Commonly found in forests, backyards, and urban parks, the Downy Woodpecker is an adaptable species that frequently visits bird feeders, especially those offering suet. It plays an important role in controlling insect populations, particularly by feeding on wood-boring beetles and larvae.
These woodpeckers excavate their own nesting cavities in dead trees or branches, where the female lays 3-8 eggs. Both parents share incubation duties and feed the young after hatching. Their rapid drumming on trees is used for communication and territory marking.
Hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates villosus)
The Hairy Woodpecker looks strikingly similar to the Downy Woodpecker but is larger, with a longer bill that is nearly the length of its head. Its black-and-white pattern is nearly identical, making size the easiest distinguishing factor. Males have a small red patch on the back of their head, while females lack this feature.
This species inhabits mature forests, woodlands, and suburban areas where there are large trees. It forages by pecking at tree trunks, extracting insects, larvae, and other invertebrates from beneath the bark. Its strong bill allows it to drill deeper than the Downy Woodpecker, giving it access to different food sources.
Hairy Woodpeckers nest in tree cavities, where the female lays 3-6 eggs. The chicks hatch after about two weeks and remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks. These birds are known for their sharp “peek” calls and powerful drumming sounds, which can be heard echoing through the forest.
Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
The Northern Mockingbird is a medium-sized songbird with grayish-black-and-white plumage and long legs. It is best known for its incredible ability to mimic the calls of other birds, often singing for hours and incorporating dozens of different sounds into its repertoire. Males, in particular, are relentless singers, sometimes even vocalizing at night.
This species is commonly found in open areas, including suburbs, parks, and farmlands across North America. It is highly territorial and will aggressively defend its nesting area from intruders, including much larger birds and even humans. When in flight, it flashes its white wing patches, which may help in communication and intimidation.
Northern Mockingbirds build their nests in shrubs or low trees, using twigs and grass to form a sturdy cup. The female lays 2-6 eggs, and both parents take turns feeding the young. Because of its adaptability and bold personality, the Northern Mockingbird is one of the most widespread and recognizable birds in the United States.
Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
The Eastern Kingbird is a striking black-and-white flycatcher with a dark head, crisp white underparts, and a white-tipped tail. Its sharp contrast in coloration makes it easy to identify, especially when perched on an open branch scanning for flying insects. This species is highly aggressive, often chasing away much larger birds from its nesting territory.
Found throughout North America during the breeding season, the Eastern Kingbird prefers open fields, woodland edges, and riverbanks. It is most commonly seen perched on fences or treetops, where it launches into the air to catch insects in mid-flight. Unlike many songbirds, it is not a frequent visitor to backyard feeders, as it primarily feeds on live prey.
During migration, Eastern Kingbirds travel to South America, where they switch from an insect-based diet to eating mostly fruit. They are social during winter, often forming flocks, but in summer, they become territorial. Their nests are built in trees or shrubs, and both parents work together to raise their young.
Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
The Black-and-white Warbler is a small but distinctive songbird with bold black-and-white streaks covering its body, giving it a zebra-like appearance. Unlike most warblers, which prefer to flit through foliage, this species behaves more like a nuthatch, creeping along tree trunks and branches in search of insects.
This warbler breeds in deciduous forests across eastern North America and is commonly found during migration in parks and wooded areas. It has a high-pitched, squeaky song that is often heard before the bird is spotted. Its ability to move along bark and probe for insects makes it unique among warblers.
During the winter, Black-and-white Warblers migrate to Central and South America, where they continue their foraging habits. Their nests are built on the ground, hidden under leaves or low vegetation, making them vulnerable to predators. Despite their small size, these warblers are feisty and will defend their nesting territory against intruders.
Common Loon (Gavia immer)
The Common Loon is a large, elegant waterbird recognized by its black head, striking red eyes, and a checkered black-and-white back. In breeding plumage, its sharp black-and-white contrast is unmistakable, while in winter, it becomes a dull gray. It has a long, dagger-like bill, perfectly adapted for catching fish.
Found on northern lakes during summer, the Common Loon is an expert diver, often disappearing beneath the water’s surface for up to a minute while hunting. Its eerie, yodeling calls echo across the water, creating an iconic sound of wilderness landscapes. Loons are powerful swimmers, using their large webbed feet for propulsion.
In winter, Common Loons migrate to coastal waters, where they undergo a complete molt, losing the ability to fly for a short period. They build their nests close to the water’s edge, and both parents take turns incubating the eggs. Once hatched, chicks often ride on their parents’ backs, keeping them safe from predators.
Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis)
The Snow Bunting is a hardy Arctic songbird with mostly white plumage accented by black markings on its back and wings. Males are particularly striking in breeding plumage, appearing almost entirely white with contrasting black wingtips. Females and wintering birds have more brownish tones, helping them blend into their surroundings.
During the winter months, Snow Buntings migrate southward and can be found in open fields, coastal dunes, and along shorelines. Their flocks often forage on the ground, searching for seeds among the snow-covered landscape. Their fluttering flight and soft, tinkling calls make them a delight to observe in cold weather.
Unlike many songbirds, Snow Buntings nest in the harsh Arctic tundra, where they raise their young in rocky crevices for protection against predators. Males arrive at breeding grounds early in the season, enduring freezing temperatures to establish territory before females arrive. Their resilience to extreme conditions makes them one of the toughest songbirds in North America.
Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia)
The Black-billed Magpie is a bold and intelligent corvid with striking black-and-white plumage and an iridescent blue-green sheen on its long tail and wings. Its long, sweeping tail makes it one of the most recognizable birds of the western United States and Canada. With its sharp black bill and curious nature, it is always on the lookout for food.
This species thrives in open country, ranchlands, and farmlands, where it scavenges for carrion, insects, and small animals. It is highly social and often seen in groups, chattering loudly. Black-billed Magpies are known for their playful behavior, sometimes even pulling fur from livestock to use as nest lining.
Magpies build large, dome-shaped nests made of sticks, often reinforced with mud. These nests can take weeks to construct and are used year after year. Highly intelligent, magpies are capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors and solving complex problems, making them one of the most fascinating birds in North America.
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
The Loggerhead Shrike is a small but fierce songbird with a gray head, black mask, white underparts, and grayish wings. Despite its size, this bird behaves more like a bird of prey, hunting insects, small mammals, and even other birds. It is sometimes called the “butcher bird” because of its habit of impaling prey on thorns or barbed wire for later consumption.
Found in open fields, scrublands, and pastures across North America, the Loggerhead Shrike prefers areas with scattered trees and shrubs for perching. It hunts by scanning the ground from a high vantage point before swooping down on its prey. Unlike true raptors, it lacks strong talons and instead relies on its hooked beak to kill and manipulate food.
During breeding season, shrikes build cup-shaped nests in dense shrubs or trees. The female lays 4-7 eggs, and both parents help raise the young. Unfortunately, Loggerhead Shrike populations have been declining due to habitat loss and pesticide use, which reduce their insect prey. Conservation efforts are underway to protect this unique predator.
Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys)
The Lark Bunting is a striking songbird of the Great Plains, with males displaying entirely black plumage during the breeding season, accented by a bold white wing patch. Females and non-breeding males are brown and streaked, blending well with the dry grasslands they inhabit. This species is known for its beautiful, musical song, often delivered in flight.
These birds thrive in open prairies, sagebrush, and grasslands of central and western North America. They forage on the ground for seeds and insects, which make up the bulk of their diet. During migration, they form large flocks, moving southward to their wintering grounds in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico.
Lark Buntings build their nests directly on the ground, hidden among grasses to protect against predators. The male performs elaborate aerial displays to attract a mate, fluttering high in the air while singing. This species is also unique among sparrows for its seasonal color change, as males molt into a more subdued brown plumage outside of breeding season.
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
The Western Grebe is a large, elegant waterbird with a long neck, sharp bill, and striking black-and-white plumage. Its black cap extends down to its red eyes, contrasting sharply with its white cheeks and neck. It is an excellent swimmer and diver, using its lobed feet to propel itself underwater in search of fish.
Western Grebes inhabit large freshwater lakes and reservoirs in western North America, where they nest in colonies among reeds and aquatic vegetation. They are most famous for their elaborate courtship displays, where pairs perform synchronized “rushing” dances, gliding across the water’s surface side by side.
During migration, these grebes move to coastal waters for the winter, where they continue their diving lifestyle. Their floating nests are anchored to vegetation, helping protect their eggs from predators. While they are graceful in water, Western Grebes are clumsy on land due to their legs being positioned far back on their bodies.
Clark’s Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii)
Clark’s Grebe is nearly identical to the Western Grebe but can be distinguished by the amount of white on its face—its white extends above the eyes, unlike the Western Grebe, where black reaches down to the eyes. It also has a slightly more orange-toned bill compared to the yellowish bill of the Western Grebe.
Like its close relative, Clark’s Grebe is a skilled diver, feeding primarily on fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. It prefers freshwater lakes and reservoirs, often seen gliding across the water or diving gracefully beneath the surface. It shares similar breeding behaviors with the Western Grebe, including spectacular courtship rituals that involve synchronized head movements and rushing across the water.
During winter, Clark’s Grebes migrate to coastal waters, particularly along the Pacific Coast. They nest in colonies, with both parents taking turns incubating the eggs and carrying young chicks on their backs. This species was once thought to be a color variation of the Western Grebe, but studies have confirmed that they are distinct species with subtle differences in vocalizations and behavior.
Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps)
The Pied-billed Grebe is a small, stocky waterbird with a brownish body, short neck, and a thick, pale bill marked by a black stripe during breeding season. Unlike many other grebes, it lacks dramatic black-and-white plumage, instead sporting a more muted, earthy tone that helps it blend into marshy environments.
This grebe is widely distributed across North America and is most commonly found on freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes with plenty of vegetation. It is a skilled diver, capable of submerging quickly to escape predators or catch fish. Rather than taking flight when threatened, it often sinks slowly into the water, leaving only its head visible above the surface.
Pied-billed Grebes build floating nests anchored to vegetation. The young are born with striped downy plumage and often ride on their parents’ backs for protection. These birds are mostly solitary and have a distinctive call that sounds like a series of loud, hollow “cow” notes. Unlike larger grebes, they migrate shorter distances, often moving to ice-free waters in winter.
Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga)
The Anhinga, often called the “snakebird,” is a large waterbird with a long neck that resembles a snake when it swims with its body submerged. It has black plumage with silver-white streaks on its wings and a long, sharp yellow bill. Males are darker, while females have a lighter brown neck and head.
Found in southeastern U.S. wetlands, especially in Florida’s swamps and slow-moving rivers, the Anhinga prefers warm climates. Unlike ducks, it lacks waterproofing oils, so it must spread its wings to dry after diving. This adaptation allows it to sink easily underwater to catch fish, which it spears with its sharp beak.
During breeding season, Anhingas build large stick nests in trees near water. Both parents share incubation duties and feed their chicks by regurgitation. Their populations remain stable, benefiting from protected wetland areas, but they are sensitive to habitat destruction and pollution.
Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis)
The Ring-billed Gull is a medium-sized gull easily recognized by its white body, gray wings, and the distinctive black ring around its yellow bill. Its legs are also yellow, distinguishing it from other gulls. Juveniles are mottled brown and take three years to develop full adult plumage.
This species is common across North America, often found along coasts, lakes, rivers, and even urban areas like parking lots and landfills. Opportunistic feeders, Ring-billed Gulls eat everything from fish and insects to human scraps. They are highly adaptable, thriving in both natural and human-altered environments.
During breeding season, they nest in large colonies on islands and lake shores. Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Their populations have increased in recent decades due to their ability to exploit food sources provided by humans, making them one of the most widespread gull species in North America.
Bonaparte’s Gull (Chroicocephalus philadelphia)
Bonaparte’s Gull is a small, graceful gull with a white body, gray wings, and a black head during breeding season. In winter, its head turns white with a small dark spot behind the eye. Unlike most gulls, it has a thin black bill rather than a thick yellow one.
This gull breeds in the boreal forests of Canada, nesting in trees—an unusual behavior for gulls. It prefers freshwater lakes and marshes during breeding but migrates to coastal waters in winter, where it can be seen along the Atlantic and Pacific shores of North America.
Bonaparte’s Gull is a skilled flyer, often hovering over water before dipping down to catch small fish and insects. It is one of the few gull species that frequently engages in aerial insect hunting, similar to terns. Their population is stable, though habitat loss in breeding areas may pose future threats.
Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger)
The Black Skimmer is an extraordinary seabird with a black upper body, white underparts, and a unique red-and-black bill. Its most striking feature is its asymmetric bill—where the lower mandible is longer than the upper one—designed for catching fish as it skims over the water’s surface.
Black Skimmers inhabit coastal beaches, estuaries, and sandbars along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. They are most active at dawn and dusk, using their specialized bill to cut through the water, snapping it shut when they detect a fish. Their foraging technique is unlike any other bird’s, making them fascinating to observe.
These birds nest in colonies on sandy beaches, where they lay their eggs in shallow scrapes. Their chicks hatch with equal-sized mandibles, but the lower one gradually grows longer as they develop. Black Skimmers are vulnerable to habitat destruction and human disturbances on nesting beaches, but conservation efforts are helping protect their breeding sites.
Razorbill (Alca torda)
The Razorbill is a striking black-and-white seabird closely related to puffins. It has a black head, back, and wings, contrasted by a white underside. Its thick black bill is marked with a unique white line, giving it a distinctive appearance. This species is an excellent diver, using its wings to propel itself underwater in search of fish.
Razorbills breed along the rocky cliffs of the North Atlantic, from Canada to Greenland and northern Europe. They spend most of their lives at sea, only coming to land during the breeding season. Their nests are simple scrapes on cliff ledges, where they lay a single egg each year. Parents take turns incubating and feeding the chick.
In winter, Razorbills move further offshore, sometimes seen along the northeastern U.S. coast. They are highly vulnerable to oil spills, overfishing, and climate change, which affect their food supply. Conservation efforts focus on protecting breeding colonies and reducing human impacts on their marine habitats.
White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
The White-breasted Nuthatch is a small, agile songbird known for its unique ability to climb down tree trunks headfirst. It has a slate-gray back, a bright white underside, and a black or dark gray cap. Its strong, pointed bill allows it to pry insects from tree bark and crack open seeds.
Common across North America, this bird is often found in deciduous forests, parks, and backyards, where it frequents bird feeders. It is highly active and vocal, producing a distinctive “yank-yank” call while foraging. Unlike woodpeckers, it does not use its tail for support while climbing.
During breeding season, White-breasted Nuthatches nest in tree cavities or nest boxes. They are monogamous, with pairs remaining together year-round. Their populations are stable, but habitat loss can impact local numbers. They benefit from backyard feeding stations that provide sunflower seeds and suet.
Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus)
Despite its name, the Red-bellied Woodpecker has only a faint reddish wash on its belly, which is often hard to see. It is more recognizable by its black-and-white barred back and the vibrant red cap that extends from its forehead to the nape in males. Females have a less extensive red patch.
This woodpecker is common in eastern U.S. forests, suburban areas, and backyards. It forages on tree trunks and branches, searching for insects, nuts, and fruit. It also visits bird feeders, favoring suet and sunflower seeds. Its call is a rolling “churr,” often heard in woodlands.
During nesting season, Red-bellied Woodpeckers excavate cavities in dead trees or wooden structures. They fiercely defend their nests from competitors. Their adaptability to human-altered landscapes has allowed their populations to remain strong, though deforestation may pose challenges in some areas.
Common Eider (Somateria mollissima)
The Common Eider is the largest sea duck in the Northern Hemisphere. Males have striking black-and-white plumage with a greenish nape, while females are mottled brown for better camouflage. These ducks are famous for their soft, insulating down, which they pluck from their bodies to line their nests.
Found along northern coastal waters, Common Eiders breed in Arctic and subarctic regions. They form large flocks in winter, diving for mollusks, especially mussels, in shallow waters. Their strong, wedge-shaped bills help them break open shells.
Eiders are highly social, nesting in colonies on rocky islands. Female eiders often form “crèches,” where multiple mothers care for ducklings together. While their populations are stable, they are vulnerable to oil spills, climate change, and overharvesting of eiderdown. Conservation efforts focus on protecting nesting sites and reducing environmental threats.
Ivory Gull (Pagophila eburnea)
The Ivory Gull is a rare, pure-white seabird that inhabits the high Arctic. It has black legs, a yellow-tipped black bill, and dark eyes. Its white plumage provides excellent camouflage against snowy landscapes, helping it avoid predators.
This gull is highly specialized for Arctic life, scavenging seal carcasses left by polar bears and hunting fish and invertebrates. It nests on remote, rocky cliffs and islands, where it lays eggs in shallow scrapes. Unlike most gulls, it relies heavily on ice-covered regions for survival.
Ivory Gulls are among the most threatened Arctic birds due to climate change, which reduces their sea ice habitat. Pollution, including high mercury levels in their food chain, also poses a risk. Conservationists are closely monitoring their population, as their numbers have declined in recent decades.
Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus)
The Black-necked Stilt is a striking shorebird with a black upper body, white underparts, and long, thin pink legs. It has an elegant, slender frame and a long, straight black bill, which it uses to catch small aquatic invertebrates.
Found in wetlands, salt flats, and shallow ponds across the southern U.S., Mexico, and Central America, this bird wades through the water, picking up insects, crustaceans, and small fish. Its high-pitched calls are often heard in marshy habitats.
During breeding season, Black-necked Stilts nest in open, sandy areas near water. They are highly defensive of their nests, performing distraction displays to deter predators. While their population is stable, wetland drainage and habitat destruction threaten some local breeding sites.
American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana)
The American Avocet is an elegant shorebird with a striking black-and-white patterned back and wings. During the breeding season, its head and neck take on a warm cinnamon hue, while in winter, it transitions to a more monochrome black-and-white appearance. Its long, thin, upturned bill is a distinctive feature, used to sweep through shallow waters to catch small invertebrates.
Found in wetlands, salt flats, and coastal lagoons, American Avocets wade gracefully through the water, often seen in small groups. They are skilled foragers, using their sensitive bills to detect prey by touch. Their high-pitched calls add to the lively atmosphere of their habitat.
During breeding season, they nest in shallow depressions on open ground near water, often forming loose colonies. Both parents share incubation duties. While their populations are stable, habitat loss due to wetland drainage poses a threat to some breeding areas.
Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus)
The Snowy Owl is one of the most distinctive owls in the world, known for its bright white plumage, which provides excellent camouflage in Arctic environments. Males are almost entirely white, while females and juveniles have black speckles across their bodies. Their yellow eyes and broad wings make them an impressive sight.
These owls inhabit the Arctic tundra, hunting lemmings, rabbits, and other small mammals. Unlike most owls, they are often active during the day, especially in the summer when the sun never sets in their northern breeding grounds. They are known for their strong territorial instincts, fiercely defending their nests.
During the winter, some Snowy Owls migrate south, occasionally reaching the northern United States and even farther. Their populations fluctuate depending on prey availability, with “irruption” years bringing large numbers further south. Conservation concerns include climate change, which affects their Arctic habitat.
Wilson’s Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor)
Wilson’s Phalarope is a unique shorebird with an unusual role reversal in breeding behavior—females are more colorful than males and take the lead in courtship. During breeding season, females have a striking appearance with black-and-white streaked backs, a rich cinnamon-colored throat, and grayish-blue legs. Males are duller and take on most of the parenting duties.
These birds breed in North American prairie wetlands, where they forage for aquatic insects and crustaceans. They are excellent swimmers, often spinning in circles on the water’s surface to stir up food from below. Unlike most shorebirds, they rely heavily on aquatic habitats.
Wilson’s Phalaropes undertake long migrations, spending winters in South America. During migration, they form large flocks at saline lakes, such as the Great Salt Lake. Conservation efforts focus on protecting these vital stopover sites from water diversion and habitat degradation.
Sabine’s Gull (Xema sabini)
Sabine’s Gull is a small, graceful seabird known for its striking wing pattern and forked tail. In breeding plumage, it has a black head, white body, and gray wings with bold white and black markings. During winter, its head turns white, leaving behind only a dark smudge near the eyes.
These gulls breed in the Arctic tundra, nesting on the ground near coastal lagoons or rivers. They feed on small fish and invertebrates, often seen delicately picking food from the water’s surface or catching insects mid-air. Their distinctive calls add to the soundscape of their northern breeding grounds.
During migration, Sabine’s Gulls undertake incredible journeys, traveling along the coasts of North and South America to winter in tropical oceans. Their reliance on remote breeding sites helps protect them from human disturbances, but climate change and pollution in marine habitats remain concerns.
Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata)
The Tufted Puffin is a striking seabird with jet-black plumage, a white face, and a large, triangular orange bill. Its most distinctive feature is the long golden tufts of feathers that extend from the back of its head during the breeding season. These tufts give the bird a distinctive, almost comical appearance.
Found along the Pacific coasts of North America and Asia, Tufted Puffins nest on rocky cliffs and islands. They are excellent divers, using their wings to “fly” underwater while hunting fish and squid. Their large bills can hold multiple fish at once, making them efficient feeders for their chicks.
During breeding season, they dig burrows into cliffs or nest in crevices. Both parents take turns incubating the eggs and feeding the chicks. While their population is generally stable, threats such as oil spills, climate change, and food shortages due to overfishing can impact their numbers in some regions.
